The new "wave" of the global Internet:
The new "wave" of the global Internet:
The United States officially renounced the rights to administer domain names.
The world's Internet changed, an important event occurred these two days: the US government. UU It officially transferred the administration of Internet domain names to the non-profit organization ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). This is also a rare "change" in the Internet infrastructure.
What is the domain name?
To understand "domain management rights", we must first understand some basic terms of the Internet and have a certain understanding of the basic functioning of the Internet. "Domain name" is actually a string of names separated by periods. It is also the name of a computer or group of computers on the Internet. It is used to identify the electronic orientation (sometimes called geographical location) of a computer during data transmission. This is followed by another term "DNS (Domain Name System)" which is closely related to the domain name. In the complicated Internet, the domain name is like a "map", which tells each computer to find the target's route, but unfortunately there are too many destinations. In the end, people store this information hierarchically in servers of domain names of all sizes in the world. After entering the domain name and returning the car, the computer will contact these servers and finally get the actual digital address of the destination computer.
It seems that we do not care, but if you type "DNS failure" in the search engine, you will find many news: "failure of the large-scale network of Shandong Unicom, large-scale failure of Sichuan Telecom, etc." The most serious was to count the DNS failures nationwide that occurred in China at the end of January 2014. At that time, the failure lasted more than an hour and national 2/3 websites could not be opened normally, affecting tens of millions of Internet users. The domain name service is a seemingly simple but extremely important part of the Internet. In case of failure, several web services, email services and routing services will face embarrassment.
Existing domain name system and ICANN
The non-profit organization ICANN is the actual administration and maintenance of the DNS. The official goal is: "To further internationalize the DNS system, introduce new top-level international domains (such as .com.org, etc.) and also manage the most important." Root nameserver. Profit does this, as if there were no problem, but this is not the case, ICANN is responsible for the assignment of Internet domain names and IP addresses, but ICANN was created due to the proposal of the NTIA of the Department. US Commerce Department, which proposed "strengthening the administration of network domain names and address technologies", also known as the "Green Book." In February 1998, it was written in the Federal Register , an important internal publication of the government of the United States Soon, ICANN was formed on September 30, 1998 and has since signed a contract with the United States Department of Commerce. domain, IP address and general agreement through its own organization, IANA (Internet Digital Distribution Authority).
Although ICANN is nominally an "administrator," the ICANN administration of the DNS system and the IANA functions are subject to US government contracts. UU To execute the instructions issued by the upper level, and Verisign carries out the specific implementation. In 2006, ICANN approved a note to allow the US Department of Commerce to UU Monitor some of your operations. In 2009, ICANN again signed an agreement with the US Department of Commerce. UU., Including the attempt to establish a "multi-stakeholder governance model", but did not eliminate the supervision and control of the US Department of Commerce. UU Finally, on March 10 of this year, ICANN and the United States Department of Commerce finally signed an agreement to eliminate all controls and supervision. Since October 1, two days ago, ICANN and IANA were completely transformed into independent non-profit organizations. Although the independence of ICANN and IANA have become a reality, the process has not been easy. Previously, the Attorneys General of the four US states. UU They asked federal judges to issue an emergency restraining order to prevent the Obama administration from relinquishing the federal government's right to administer Internet domain names. The final judge rejected the request on September 30, one day before the entry into force of the independent agreement. The United States Senate Cruz, who had previously run for president, issued a statement: "Jim, like Jimmy Carter, delivered the Panama Canal, Obama is now giving up the Internet."
At the end of 2014, Sina Technology interviewed the president of ICANN, Chehad, and publicly declared:
The main objective of ICANN is to make the entire Internet, made up of innumerable websites directed to a domain, a whole, not a division. The Chinese government will also enjoy the same voice and will help ICANN move forward in the global Internet industry. In addition to the Chinese government, Chinese companies, Internet companies and other users must participate. But this is an opportunity and means responsibility. Because we enjoy the benefits of the Internet, we must also participate in Internet governance. Undoubtedly, these years of operation of ICANN's Internet domain name services have maintained the stable functioning of the Internet. As ICANN becomes the "multi-stakeholder government" of the "independent government" of the United States, more new "conflicts" will be introduced. For example, in the past, the United States could rely on its own "Internet administrator" to outperform other countries on the Internet. However, after that, ICANN may "request" the revocation of the United States domain name in reverse in accordance with the request of other countries. At the moment, other countries can only block IP requests to US websites from their own servers. Whether "independence" will lead to the "domain name competition" of the Internet between countries has always been the most important question. Trump, the next presidential candidate of the United States, made it clear that he was opposed. Will ICANN unlock the chains of free and inclusive Internet or will it introduce war? This is still an unknown number. However, what is certain is that the Internet that has become the "second world" can not be controlled by a single country, but must be in the hands of all human beings.
The world's Internet changed, an important event occurred these two days: the US government. UU It officially transferred the administration of Internet domain names to the non-profit organization ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). This is also a rare "change" in the Internet infrastructure.
What is the domain name?
To understand "domain management rights", we must first understand some basic terms of the Internet and have a certain understanding of the basic functioning of the Internet. "Domain name" is actually a string of names separated by periods. It is also the name of a computer or group of computers on the Internet. It is used to identify the electronic orientation (sometimes called geographical location) of a computer during data transmission. This is followed by another term "DNS (Domain Name System)" which is closely related to the domain name. In the complicated Internet, the domain name is like a "map", which tells each computer to find the target's route, but unfortunately there are too many destinations. In the end, people store this information hierarchically in servers of domain names of all sizes in the world. After entering the domain name and returning the car, the computer will contact these servers and finally get the actual digital address of the destination computer.
Existing domain name system and ICANN
Ollowing restoration of domain names to the Apartment's IP addresses, people no desafío infección (habitaciones), Spaces for each URL. Keeping all this data locally seems to be the easiest way to handle it, but it is not practical. On the one hand, the TCP / IP protocol itself uses a stack architecture to accommodate an almost unlimited number of addresses in a limited number of IP addresses.
This practice of nesting TCP / IP or other networks in a global TCP / IP network greatly extends the extensibility of the network, but also complicates "Internet maps".
The final solution is the current operation of the Internet domain name system: the user enters the domain name after the browser enters the domain name, such as www.ifanr.com, the computer will begin to try to find the address Input URL corresponding to the URL; The DNS server makes a request to consult the corresponding IP of www.ifanr.com. The DNS server checks its own local cache. If there is a record, it returns directly.
However, if the local cache record may be outdated or does not exist, then the domain name must be re-executed. The query, at this time, the DNS server will initiate a query request to the root domain name server, the root domain name server will return the address of the authorized domain name server of the .com domain; DNS will again issue a query request to the authorized domain name server of the .com domain, and finally you will get www.ifanr. IP address data Com; Finally, the browser can download the latest data from the love fan server and display them in front of the user. It can be said that it is due to the configuration of the domain name and DNS that the Internet exists and is popular.
Although ICANN is nominally an "administrator," the ICANN administration of the DNS system and the IANA functions are subject to US government contracts. UU To execute the instructions issued by the upper level, and Verisign carries out the specific implementation. In 2006, ICANN approved a note to allow the US Department of Commerce to UU Monitor some of your operations. In 2009, ICANN again signed an agreement with the US Department of Commerce. UU., Including the attempt to establish a "multi-stakeholder governance model", but did not eliminate the supervision and control of the US Department of Commerce. UU Finally, on March 10 of this year, ICANN and the United States Department of Commerce finally signed an agreement to eliminate all controls and supervision. Since October 1, two days ago, ICANN and IANA were completely transformed into independent non-profit organizations. Although the independence of ICANN and IANA have become a reality, the process has not been easy. Previously, the Attorneys General of the four US states. UU They asked federal judges to issue an emergency restraining order to prevent the Obama administration from relinquishing the federal government's right to administer Internet domain names. The final judge rejected the request on September 30, one day before the entry into force of the independent agreement. The United States Senate Cruz, who had previously run for president, issued a statement: "Jim, like Jimmy Carter, delivered the Panama Canal, Obama is now giving up the Internet."
At the end of 2014, Sina Technology interviewed the president of ICANN, Chehad, and publicly declared:
The main objective of ICANN is to make the entire Internet, made up of innumerable websites directed to a domain, a whole, not a division. The Chinese government will also enjoy the same voice and will help ICANN move forward in the global Internet industry. In addition to the Chinese government, Chinese companies, Internet companies and other users must participate. But this is an opportunity and means responsibility. Because we enjoy the benefits of the Internet, we must also participate in Internet governance. Undoubtedly, these years of operation of ICANN's Internet domain name services have maintained the stable functioning of the Internet. As ICANN becomes the "multi-stakeholder government" of the "independent government" of the United States, more new "conflicts" will be introduced. For example, in the past, the United States could rely on its own "Internet administrator" to outperform other countries on the Internet. However, after that, ICANN may "request" the revocation of the United States domain name in reverse in accordance with the request of other countries. At the moment, other countries can only block IP requests to US websites from their own servers. Whether "independence" will lead to the "domain name competition" of the Internet between countries has always been the most important question. Trump, the next presidential candidate of the United States, made it clear that he was opposed. Will ICANN unlock the chains of free and inclusive Internet or will it introduce war? This is still an unknown number. However, what is certain is that the Internet that has become the "second world" can not be controlled by a single country, but must be in the hands of all human beings.
The new "wave" of the global Internet:
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Reviewed by eft
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